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Grammar-Quizzes › Noun Phrases › Nouns › Pronouns › It vs. This
Refer back to something
Referring back to a subject with emphasis
IT – REFERRING BACK |
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We use it to refer back to things, places, facts or situations that have just been talked or written about. It does not give any particular emphasis. |
REFERS TO A NOUN (NP) |
Apple is going to release a new operating system. It will merge the laptop OS with the iPad and iPhone OS. (It refers to the new operating system.) |
REFERS TO A SITUATION (CLAUSE) |
Another employee has lost an iPhone prototype.It set off an official search for the missing phone. (It refers to the situation in the sentence.) |
THIS – REFERRING WITH EMPHASIS |
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We use this or that to refer to something with special emphasis – indicating an interesting new fact has been mentioned. |
REFERS TO A NOUN (NP) |
Apple is going to release a new operating system. This will be a huge step in merging the laptop OS with the iPad and iPhone OS. (This emphasizes the preceding noun, operating system.) |
REFERS TO A SITUATION (CLAUSE) |
Another employee has lost an iPhone prototype.This set off an official search for the missing phone. Movie line clips. Mavis beacon free typing lessons download. |
prototype (N) – the first form that a new design of a car, machine etc has, or a model of it used to test the design before it is produced
NP – noun phrase
(Huddleston 1504) (Swan 590) (Murphy 84)
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There in Subject Position — Milk is on the table. → There is milk on the table.
It as Subject Placeholder — That he is very funny is obvious. → It is obvious that he is very funny.
'It is' + Adj + Infin — Finding the answers is hard. → It is hard to find the answers.
'It seems' / 'It occurs' / 'It is likely' — It seems odd to me that he didn't say anything.
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'It takes' + Infinitive — To get ready takes ten minutes. → It takes ten minutes to get ready.
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'Identifying 'be' — Rain is there. There is rain; Reciprocal Property (A + B = B + A)
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It / This Reference — Gizmo developed a new app. It is amazing. Gizmo managed to develop a new app. This is amazing.
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It Clefts (extraposition) — What he said was amazing. It was amazing what he said.